Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic Patterns, Co-occurring Conditions, and Transition Planning

Delayed identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can significantly impact access to early interventions and long-term developmental outcomes. Certain child characteristics—such as being Hispanic, having low birth weight, exhibiting strong verbal or cognitive abilities, or presenting with co-occurring neuropsychological conditions—are more frequently associated with later recognition of ASD. As children with ASD grow into adolescence, many develop additional mental health challenges, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, while their intellectual functioning often remains stable. Although most adolescents with ASD have formal educational transition plans, disparities persist based on intellectual and adaptive functioning. These patterns highlight the need for more equitable diagnostic practices and individualized support strategies during key developmental transitions.

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